Objective To investigate the effect of caloric restriction(CR) on body mass, glucose and total cholesterol of C57 mice. Methods Thirty male C57 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group, high-energy group and low energy group, each group consisted of 10 mice, body mass and blood sugar were measured every two weeks, and serum total cholesterol was measured with ELISA method after six months. Results The body mass of high-energy group increased significantly than normal control group(P<0.01), the body mass of low energy group decreased significantly than normal control group (P<0.01); the blood glucose of high-energy group increased significantly than normal control group (P<0.01), the blood glucose of low energy group decreased significantly than normal control group (P<0.01); the serum total cholesterol levels of high-energy group increased significantly than normal control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Caloric restriction can significantly reduce the body mass and blood glucose in mice, while high-energy diet can significantly increase body mass, blood glucose and serum total cholesterol levels in mice. Caloric restriction can improve the glucose and lipid metabolic in C57 mice.