The pathological changes of dendritic spines and synapses plays an important role in cognitive impairment, and development regulation brain protein(Drebrin) can regulate the morphology and plasticity of dendritic spines and synapses. The decrease of Drebrin can affect the morphology of dendritic spines through the changes of spine cytoskeleton, and it can lead to changes in synaptic structure and function. But specific mechanisms of synaptic pathology changes in brain and the relationship between Drebrin and synapses in Alzheimer’s disease(AD) still remain unclear. Exploring the relationship between Drebrin and cognitive function and internal mechanisms has important significance to early prevention of cognitive impairment and find effective measures for diagnosis and treatment of AD.