To investigate the protective effect of Apocynin on acute renal injury after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods Acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in male SD rats was made by cutting right kidney and clamping left renal artery.SD rats were randomly divided into groups(sham-operated group, I/R group, I/R+ Apocynin groups). Serum creatinine was assayed by biochemistry.Renal morphology changes were observed by light microscope. The amount of monocyte were observed by immunohistochemistry.MDA was assayed by thiobarbiturate. GPx was assayed by DTNB. IL-1 was assayed by Enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay. Result Compared with sham-operated group, Scr levels were significant increased in I/R group（P<0.05）,kidneys displayd significant histology changes in I/R group（P<0.05）, the amount of monocyte was significant increased in I/R group（P<0.05）, MDA and IL-1 were significant increased in I/R group（P<0.05）， GPx was significant decreased in I/R group（P<0.05）. Compared with I/R group, Scr was decreased in I/R+Apocynin groups, the amount of monocyte was decreased in I/R+Apocynin groups（P<0.05）, MDA and IL-1 were decreased in I/R+Apocynin groups（P<0.05）. GPx was increased in I/R+ Apocynin groups（P<0.05）. Conclusions Apocynin protect kidney against ischemia/reperfusion and accelerate recovery after acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury,which may associate with the anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation