Objective ultrasonography was used to estimate alcoholic fatty liver model in rats. Methods Forty healthy male SD rats were selected randomly and divided into two groups(n=20). According to weight measured weekly, the rats in model group were gavaged with ethanol(2 times/day). The ethanol concentration was 40% at the first week, then was increased to 45% and 50% at the second and third week, respectively. Until to the forth week, the ethanol concentration was increased to 55% for twelve weeks; Rats in normal control group were gavaged with physiological saline. At the end of 4, 8, 12 week, the rats in two groups were monitored with ultrasonography, and 3 rats in two groups were selected randomly for pathological observation. At last, the results of ultrasonography and pathology were analyzed comparatively. Results Ultrasonography and pathological examination results showed that alcoholic fatty liver model have been established successfully, and Ultrasonography can be used for monitoring gradual process of rats liver fatty lesions(from mild to heavy) in group model, and control rats without fatty lesions. The results of ultrasonography were consistent with the pathological examination results. Conclusion Ultrasonography can be better used for evaluating alcoholic fatty liver model in living rats.