Objective: To estimate the genetic diversity of Macaca mulatta and providing valuable information and references for standardization of the population. Methods：Macaca mulatta were genotyped using 19 microsatellite DNA markers, DNA were extracted from blood and amplified by PCR, PCR products were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Every microsatellite locus was calculated by softwrare Popgene 1.32 and Excel. Results: All nineteen microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic, 164 alleles were found in the outbred stock. Na, Ne, Ho, He, PIC and I ranged from 6 to 11, 3.5727 to 8.9416, 0.2560 to 0.6364, 0.7230 to 0.9010, 0.6771 to 0.8874, and 1.4249 to 2.2662, with an average of 8.6316, 6.0709, 0.4309, 0.8270, 0.7979 and 1.8901, respectively. All of 19 loci showed significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Conclusions: Results indicated there are high variations of Macaca mulatta in this study. The experiments can provide a theoretical foundation for establishing genetic quality monitoring method with specific microsatellite loci.