Retinal bipolar cells are intermediate neurons in the signal pathway of the mammalian visual system. They receive signal inputs from photoreceptors (cone and rod cells) and transmit information to amacrine and ganglion cells after integrating information. Recent studies have shown that, through immunocytochemical staining, biophysics, pharmacology, membrane capacitance measurement, fluorescent biosensors, and two?photon microscopy, at the point where the visual path first diverges, a more comprehensive understanding of the entire category of neurons in the range of arrival can be obtained. Here, this article reviews the research progress in comparisons of the unique physiological structures and functions of different mammalian retinal bipolar cells and synaptic remodeling by immunocytochemical methods.