Objective To decrease the p53 gene expression at cellular and animal levels in marmoset using RNA interference technique. Methods The shRNA interference sequences were designed and inserted into the adeno-associated virus vector plasmid after bioinformatics analysis. The plasmids were transfected into African green monkey kidney cos-7 cells. The suppression of p53 mRNA was detected by real-time PCR, and the changes of p53 protein expression were detected by Western bolt. The adeno-associated virus-8 was injected through the hind leg vein. The changes of p53 protein expression in the liver tissue was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results We screened two RNA interference effective arget sequences. The expression of p53 mRNA was suppressed (82.7±8.1)% and (80.7±7.5)%, respectively (P<0.05), and the expression of p53 protein was decreased (77.3±11.5)% and (73.7±10.7)%, respectively (P<0.05). The two marmosets after virus infection showed that there were virus distributions in the liver, testes, and neck detected by in vivo fluorescence imaging. The expression of p53 in the marmoset liver was detected by western blot, immunohistochemistry analysis showing no obvious changes. Conclusions In the present study, the decrease of P53 gene expression at cellular level is achieved, however, the liver P53 protein in the marmoset liver is not significantly changes. Further optimization of the way of infection is needed in the future.