Diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP)is one of the most common complications in clinical, which influenced patients’ daily functions greatly, without clear mechanisms and effective methods. P2X3 receptors play a pivotal role in the formation, transmission and conduction of pain under neuropathic pain models, associated with peripheral sensory nerve excitability enhancement. This paper focuses on the establishment of DNP models, and the effects of P2X3 receptors in diabetes mellitus.