The Major histocompatibility complex(MHC) of Macaca mulatta,also called Mamu antigen,is a gene cluster directly related to immune response.Evolution creates the highly polymorphic nature of the MHC genes,and this leads to changes in the number as well as the function of these genes in individual Macaca mulatta,and even the emergence of species-specific genes.Study on the genetic polymorphisms of Mamu is good to the development of biological disciplines and various experiments with Macaca mulatta as animal model.In this paper we described the features of Mamu genes and their correlations with diseases,and also partially emphasized on the characteristics of specific Mamu genes in Chinese Macaca mulatta.