Between 1970 and 2001,eleven coat mutants of Mongolian Gerbil arose in scientific laboratory and pet population.Among them,eight coat colors and their genetic mechanism were detailed in this article.The wild system includes two loci,one is A locus(coat color is agouti),the other is a locus(coat color is non-agouti or black).C system includes c locus (albino),c+h(acromelanistic albino),c chm(chinchilla medium).The white spotting mutant is controlled by Sp locus.g locus appears to a gray coat color, and p locus seems to be master of pink-eyed dilution.The hairless phenotype is only elementary introduction. No reports are on the molecular mechanism in the coat colors of Mongolian gerbil,hitherto.The gerbil is a kind of multifunctional laboratory animal;therefore studying on the field of the gerbil coat colors has wide prospects.