Objective To study the expression of Bcl-2,Bax and P 53 and its significance in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells with injured cremaster nerve of the rat.Methods Immunohistochemical SP method was used in this study.Results The expression of Bcl-2,Bax and P 53 in smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells was obvious but the number of positive cells of Bcl-2 was larger than that of Bax and P 53 in smooth muscle cells.In endothelial cells,expression of Bax and P53 maintained at a higher level.Conclusion Cremaster nerve injury could result in proliferation of smooth muscle cells and apoptosis of endothelial cells and might play an important role in dysfunction of microcirculation.