Neurodegenerative diseases are irreversible diseases caused by the gradual loss of neuronal structure or function, leading to cognitive or motor disorders. The pathological changes mainly include senile plaques in the central nervous system, neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss. In neurodegenerative diseases, olfactory dysfunction usually occurs earlier than classic motor and cognitive disorders. Using olfactory dysfunction as a clinical sign of neurodegenerative disease can help us to detect such diseases in the early stage. Investigation of the neuropathogenesis of the disease as well as screening and evaluation of therapeutic drugs require appropriate animal models. Therefore, in this paper, we review the main animal models of olfactory dysfunction in different neurodegenerative diseases.