The Mongolian gerbil is a potential laboratory animal model in diabetes research. However, the frequency of diabetes in common gerbil population is too low to meet the requirement for scientific research. During the process of inbreeding Mongolian gerbils, we found that a sub?line of inbred gerbils is with a higher incidence of blood glucose. After selectively inbred by sister?brother mating for 20 generations, a spontaneous diabetic model of inbred gerbil was established with an incidence of about 60%. The model also displayed typical characteristics of high fasting serum glucose, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, multiple?tissue injury, and dysfunction of several diabetes?related genes. We further studied the pathogenetic mechanism of diabetes by this model and found that the non?obesity diabetes and obesity diabetes gerbils are totally different in the distribution and adipocyte size. These data indicate that our diabetic inbred gerbil is an ideal model of type 2 diabetes. It could be a new material and provide the new inspirations for the relevant diabetes researches such as diabetic pathogenesis mechanism, the function of adipose tissue in diabetes, and screening of sensitive drugs for treating diabetes.