Objective To determine the reproductive physiology and blood physiological and biochemical characteristics of SPF Yorkshire and Landrace swine. Methods Ten reproductive physiology parameters, 19 blood physiological parameters and 18 blood biochemical parameters in SPF Yorkshire and Landrace swine were measured using conventional methods and the differences between population, between age groups and between both sexes were analyzed. Results There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in reproductive physiology parameters and most blood physiological and biochemical parameters of the SPF Yorkshire and Landrace swine. A few of parameters, such as blood physiological indices GRAN, HGB, RDW, PLT, PCT, and blood biochemical indices ALKP, CHOL, TBIL, BUN, showed significant difference (P < 0.05) between populations, between age groups and between both sexes, however, the values of difference were rather small, deviated from the normal range. Conclusion The physiological and biochemical characteristics of SPF Yorkshire and Landrace swine are basically stable and there is no significant difference compared with other laboratory miniature pigs. This study will provide valuable basic data for raising velvet yield, establishment of animal models and evaluating the genetic quality of closed colony.