Mongolian gerbil is a multifunctional laboratory anima1 resource with Chinese characteristics. It has many advantages for some research fields, and play an important role. The more biological characteristics of Mongolian gerbils discovered with in-depth research will promote diverse application of this resoure. In this paper, we reviewed the development of application of Mongolian gerbils in taxonomy, parasitology, microbiology, cerebral ischemia, lipid metabolism, neurological diseases, and cancer researches.