Objective Evaluating motion and perception behavior to investigate the functional changes of brainregions in non-human primates is an important strategy to develop clinical transformation study for major diseases in brainscience research. Methods In this study, 7- to 9-year-old male cynomolgus monkeys were used to establish a Parkinson’smodel induced by right internal carotid artery injection of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) and anischemic stroke model induced by left middle cerebral artery occlusion. The testing apparatus for hill and valley staircasetasks were used to evaluate the effect of unilateral brain injury on contralateral perception and motion function. Results Ina 10-day evaluation for hill and valley staircase tasks, full scores were marked for the left and right hands of normalmonkeys. After injection of MPTP into the right internal carotid artery, three experimental monkeys showed damageddopaminergic neurons in the right substantia nigra by PET-CT image analysis. In hill and valley staircase tasks, the lefthand motor function of two experimental monkeys was significantly injured, and the spatial recognition ability was normal.One experimental monkey not only had left hand motor ability damage but also showed abnormal spatial recognition ability orright hand motor ability. After left middle cerebral artery occlusion by electrocoagulation, typical ischemic infarctionappeared in the right brain in the experimental monkey in MRI analysis. In hill and valley staircase tasks, the right handmotor function of the experimental monkey was impaired, but the spatial recognition ability was normal. Conclusions Thehill and valley staircase tasks can be effectively applied to evaluate motion and perception behavior in a unilateral brain injury non-human primate animal model.