Abstract:Objective Investigate the situation of Helicobacter pylori and “Helicobacter macacae” infection in purpose bredrhesus and cynomolgus monkeys in China. Method With the use of 16S rRNA specific primers for Helicobacter spp, and specific primers for 16S rRNA of Helicobacter pylori (HP) from published literatures, and new 16S rRNA specific primers designed for “Helicobacter macacae” (HM), we investigated the infecion status of these two Helicobacter spps in both of rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys by qPCR or conventional PCR on stool samples. Result All three primer sets for 16S rRNA exhibited excellent sensitivity and specificity. The infection rate of HP and HM were all 100% among 45 young adult rhesus monkeys. The infection rate of HP and HM in 90 young adult cynomolgus monkeys were 100% and 97.8% respectively. Conclusion Helicobacter pylori and “Helicobacter macacae” are present in almost every adult of rhesus and cynomolgus on purpose bred colonies, which may adversely affect the health of laboratory monkeys and the accuracy of related animal experiments.