Objective To investigate the effect of pomegranate blood-enriching syrup on anemia in Wistar rats. Methods An anemia model was established in rats by feeding a low-iron diet. Different doses of pomegranate blood- enriching syrup were then given for 20 consecutive days. Blood samples were taken on the 10th day for routine blood analysis. On the 20th day, rats were euthanized and blood and organs were collected. Serum erythropoietin (EPO) levels and the number of nucleated cells were determined. Nucleic acid and protein levels of stem cell factor ( SCF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( GM-CSF) in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were detected. Results The clinical symptoms of the different pomegranate blood-enriching syrup dose groups were relieved compared with those of the model group. Mortality was reduced and the number of peripheral blood cells increased. Serum EPO levels were decreased. Compared with the model group, the number of nucleated cells in the bone marrow and the levels of SCF and GM-CSF in the medium dose group were increased. Conclusions Pomegranate blood-enriching syrup has a clear therapeutic effect on anemia in Wistar rats.