Objective To assess the effects of long-term feeding with transgenic Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and G10evo-EPSPS insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant maize on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) in two generations of cynomolgus monkeys. Methods A total of 24 parental (F0) cynomolgus monkeys were divided into three groups: the genetically modified (GM) diet group (n=8), the non-genetically modified (Non-GM) diet group (n=7), and the normal diet group (Normal group, n=9). The offspring (F1) generation included 46 cynomolgus monkeys, comprising 16 in the GM group, 13 in the Non-GM group, and 17 in the Normal group, with age ranges spanning 1-6 years. Lunar densitometers were used to scan and analyze BMC and BMD in the head, arms, legs, pelvis, spine, and whole body of animals in each group. Results No significant differences (P > 0.05) in BMC and BMD were observed among the three groups in the head, arms, legs, pelvis, spine, or whole body at three age stages (1-2 years, 3-4 years, and 5-6 years) in both F0 and F1 generations.Conclusion Long-term feeding with insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant transgenic maize did not significantly affect BMC and BMD in either parental or offspring generations of cynomolgus monkeys. This study provides reference data for evaluating the long-term safety of consuming this genetically modified maize.