Cardiovascular disease is currently the disease with the highest incidence and mortality rate globally, but its pathogenesis research and drug development still face significant challenges, partly due to the limitations of traditional research models. Two dimensional (2D) cell cultures are difficult to simulate the microenvironment in vivo, while animal models have species differences that cannot fully reproduce the physiological and pathological characteristics of the human cardiovascular system. In recent years, with the continuous breakthrough of stem cell technology, organoid model research has developed rapidly, providing innovative tools for cardiovascular mechanism research and drug development. Cardiovascular organoids are microtissue models constructed by stem cells under three dimensional (3D) culture conditions in vitro, which can highly simulate the structure, composition and function of the human heart and blood vessels, significantly improving the physiological relevance of research. This paper systematically reviews its construction strategies and application progress, and discusses its current limitations and future directions.