Objective: To systematically review the construction methods and pathological mechanisms of animal and cellular models for Diminished Ovarian Reserve (DOR), providing a theoretical basis for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of DOR and offering references for future drug development and therapeutic strategies. Methods: Through extensive retrieval and analysis of recent literature, we detailed diverse modeling approaches (including pharmaceutical induction, environmental factors, natural factors, and composite factors) and explored the roles of their pathological mechanisms in DOR pathogenesis. Results: The pathogenesis of DOR involves multiple factors such as oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy dysregulation, impaired angiogenesis, and imbalances in follicular development and the immune microenvironment. Studies also revealed intrinsic correlations among key signaling pathways in DOR models. Conclusion: Although existing DOR modeling methods effectively replicate Western medicine pathological features, models incorporating Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome characteristics remain scarce. Given the unique advantages of TCM in regulating the complex pathological network of DOR, future research must prioritize constructing TCM syndrome-oriented DOR models. This will scientifically elucidate TCM"s multi-target regulatory mechanisms and provide a robust theoretical foundation for clinical applications.