Baicalin, the primary active component of the traditional Chinese herb Scutellaria baicalensis, has garnered significant attention due to its remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Baicalin exhibits a particular affinity for the dopamine (DA) system, maintaining cerebral DA levels by regulating OS-related pathways, suggesting that the DA system may serve as its "intracerebral target system" to exert neuroprotective effects. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a central transcription factor regulating redox homeostasis, plays a pivotal role in the anti-OS process mediated by baicalin. This article systematically reviews the pharmacological effects of baicalin, provides an in-depth analysis of the interaction mechanisms between OS and DN, and focuses on the latest research progress in baicalin's treatment of neurological diseases through the Nrf2 signaling pathway against OS. It offers theoretical insights into the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of baicalin in regulating the DA system through antioxidant stress for the treatment of neurological disorders.