Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease with high global mortality. Its occurrence and development are closely related to oxidative stress. Vascular recanalization is mainly used to restore cerebral blood circulation; however, it may also cause cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and further aggravate neurological damage. The single-target treatment strategy of modern medicine has certain limitations, making the overall intervention advantages of multicomponent, multichannel, and multi-target traditional Chinese medicine increasingly valued. This paper systematically summarizes research into oxidative stress involved in the pathological process of IS by mediating inflammatory responses, affecting the function of neurovascular units, regulating key signaling pathways,destroying the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, inducing apoptosis, and regulating autophagy. In recent years,extensive research on traditional Chinese medicine monomers and active ingredients has been performed, showing that it has good potential for improving clinical symptoms and neurological function recovery in IS. With an emphasis on oxidative stress, this paper aims to summarize the mechanism of action and clinical research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in IS treatment to provide a theoretical reference and ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of this disease and the development of new drugs. Follow-up studies should focus on elucidating the mechanism of multicomponent synergistic anti-oxidative stress effects of traditional Chinese medicine, constructing a sequential treatment scheme of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, and carrying out high-quality research to establish clinical evidence. This review provides accurate prediction models, timing optimization strategies, and highlevel medical evidence for the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, promotes the transformation of basic research result into clinical practice, and provides new strategies for IS prevention and treatment.