[Abstract] Objective The study is to evaluate the effects of the parity and gender of adult mice on the neurogenesis of its hippocampal dentate gyrus and its ability of learning and memory. Methods using the Morris water maze to find the differences of the learning and memory ability between the adult mice of 3 parities.To examine the effects of different mice on the neurogenesis, we labeled the adult neural stem cells in the dentate gyrus of hippocampal with BrdU. Results（1）The learning and memory ability (LMA) of 2nd parity was significantly higher than the 1st and 3rd parity（P<0.05） in the same sax mice, that is LMA2 > LMA1 > LMA3 ; besides female mice have better learning and memory ability than that of male mice, P > 0.05; (2) The number of BrdU-positive cells of 2nd parity was significantly higher than that of 1st and 3rd parity in the same sex mice, there were no significant difference（P > 0.05）; and BrdU-positive cells of the female mice is higher than the male was in trend. Conclusion There were significantly different in neurogenesis of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and learning and memory ability in adult between different parity and gender, it should be fully considered in the experiment.