Objective To observe the effect of a Chinese traditional medicine prescription, Shenren Huoxue(SRHX) granules, on the TGF-β1/ Smad signaling pathway in rats with CCl₄-induced liver fibrosis and to explore theunderlying mechanism. Methods Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, model group,low-dose SRHX, middle-dose SRHX and high-dose SRHX groups. The control group was given saline 1 mL/ kg; the modelgroup and SRHX granules groups were given 40% carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄ ) 0. 2 mL/100 g by intraperitoneal injectiontwice a week for 8 weeks. From the fourth week, the SRHX groups were given low-dose (1. 575 g/ (kg?bw) / d), middledose(3. 15 g/ (kg?bw) / d) and high-dose (6. 3 g/ (kg?bw) / d) SRHX by gastric gavage for 4 weeks and euthanized atweek 8. HE staining and Masson staining were used to detect the degree of liver fibrosis in rats. Immunohistochemistry wasused to detect the expression of collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β1. Real-time PCR and western blot were used to detectthe expression of TGF-β1, Smad3 and Smad7 in rat liver tissues. Results Compared with the control group, the liver ofthe model group showed destruction of liver lobular structure, inflammatory cell infiltration, significantly increased fibersand pseudolobule formation ( P < 0. 05). Compared with the model group, the degree of liver fibrosis was significantlyimproved and the high-dose of SRHX granules was the most effective ( P < 0. 05). The expressions of collagen I, collagenIII, TGF-β1 and Smad3 in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P < 0. 05), while theexpression of Smad7 was significantly lower than the control group ( P < 0. 05). Compared with the model group, theexpressions of collagen I, collagen III, TGF-β1 and Smad3 in all SRHX groups were decreased while the expression ofSmad7 was increased. The high-dose of SRHX granules was better effective ( P < 0. 05). Conclusions SRHX granules canimprove the pathological changes of liver tissue in SD rats with hepatic fibrosis and alleviate the degree of liver fibrosis andliver inflammation in hepatic fibrosis in rats. The mechanism may be related to SRHX granules decreasing the synthesis of collagen I and collagen III by decreasing the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 and upregulating the expression of Smad7.