Objective To diagnose the spontaneous diabetic cynomolgus monkey and examine their bonemicrostructure, and establish an animal model of spontaneous diabetic osteoporosis. Methods Four spontaneous diabeticcynomolgus monkeys (13 to 20 years old) were included. Animals of similar ages were used as a control group. Fastingblood glucose and glucose tolerance were measured using a fast blood glucose meter. TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, Crea, andBUN were measured to make the diagnosis of spontaneous diabetic cynomolgus monkeys. Micro-CT was used to measure thebone structure of distal femur and upper tibia. Results In the spontaneous diabetic group, the fasting blood glucose washigher than 8. 0 mmol/ L, and the blood glucose was higher than 10. 0 mmol/ L at 120 min of the glucose tolerance test. TGand LDL-C of the spontaneous diabetic cynomolgus monkeys were significantly higher than the control group, while HDL-Cand Crea were significantly lower than the control group ( P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference between TC andBUN, which could be diagnosed as spontaneously spontaneous diabetic cynomolgus monkeys. Micro-CT results showed thatthe distal femur and upper tibia of the spontaneous diabetic cynomolgus monkeys were damaged indicating osteoporosis.Moreover, the trabecular area, trabecular volume and bone mineral content of cancellous bone in the distal femur and uppertibia of the spontaneous diabetic cynomolgus monkeys were significantly lower than the control group. There were nosignificant differences in the cortical bone of the distal femur and upper tibia between the two groups. Conclusions The spontaneous diabetic cynomolgus monkeys have similar clinical characteristics with human patients, and may be used as an excellent animal model in studies of diabetic osteoporosis.