Mugilogobius chulae is a laboratory marine fish resource with Chinese characteristics. In this paper, we outlined the research on the laboratory marine fish resource of yellowstripe goby (Mugilogobius chulae) in biological characteristics, closed colony, inbred strain and method of quality control. Also the development of application of Mugilogobius chulae in ocean environment monitoring and aquatic ecotoxicology was reviewed. Three key aspects of application are emphasized in this view, including quality control standards for Mugilogobius chulae, the establishment of inbred strain and the further research on the functional genomics.