Objective The aim of this study is to explore the changes of expression of integrin αvβ3 in bovine uterine epithelial cells in vitro induced by estrogen or/ and progesterone alone or in combination, and to provide a new reference marker for determining bovine uterine receptivity state. Methods RT-PCR was used to analyze the transcriptional changes of αvβ3 expression in bovine endometrium treated by different concentrations of estrogen, progesterone alone or in combination. Results The expression of integrin αvβ3 reached the highest level when the culture medium was added with progesterone at the concentration of 10 ^-7 mg/ mL, and the expression of αv and β3 in the 10 ^-7 mg/ mL concentration group was significantly higher than that of the control one ( P <0.05). Moreover, the expression of αv was highest in the 10 ^-10 mg/ mL E2 group, but the expression of β3 was the lowest in that one. In addition, adding with both estrogen and progesterone, the transcriptional level of integrin αvβ3 was significantly higher than that in the control one. The transcriptional level of αv in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P <0.05), but the transcriptional level of β3 in this group was not ( P >0.05). Conclusions It can be concluded that integrin αvβ3 can be used as a new potential reference marker gene for detecting the bovine uterine receptive status.