Naked mole rats are unique animals with long lifetime, anti-tumor properties, hypoxia tolerance, low metabolic rate, analgesia, tactile sensitiveness, poor eyesight and strong bone regeneration ability. Based on the basic biological characteristics of naked mole rats, and the current research trends in the field of cancer, aging, hypoxia tolerance, as well as algesia, this review focuses on the application prospects of naked mole rats in biomedical research.