Objective To analyze the growth phenotype and blood biochemical parameters of chromosome 1 substitution mouse strain(CSS1), and investigate their potential of QTL mapping. Methods Body weight, body length, tail length, organ weight of the CCS1 mice were measured at different days to create a growth curve while blood biochemical indexes were measured at about the 80th day. Results The CCS1 mice were different from C57BL/6 mice in several indexes. Compared with the C57BL/6 mice during different developmental stages, six strains including B6-Chr1^KM mice were significantly different in body weight. There were five strains including B6-Chr1^CM mice significantly different with C57BL/6 mice in body length, and all of the CSS1 mice were significantly different from C57BL/6 mice in tail length. Part of CCS1 mice were significantly different from C57BL/6 mice in the weight of liver, spleen, kidney and brain. The ALT of female B6-Chr1^CM mice was significantly higher than that in the C57BL/6 mice. The ALP of female B6-Chr1^HZ mice was significantly higher than that in the male C57BL/6 and B6-Chr1^KM mice, and was significantly lower than that in the C57BL/6 mice. The TB of male B6-Chr1^CM, B6-Chr1^SMX and B6-Chr1^HZ mice was significantly higher than that of the C57BL/6 mice. The TG of male B6-Chr1^SMX mice and male B6-Chr1^TW mice was significantly higher than that in the C57BL/6 mice. Conclusions The phenotype of Chr1 CSS mice is quite different from commonly used inbred strain C57BL/6 mice. CCS1 mice show great potential in QTL mapping for their characteristic growth phenotype and blood biochemical indexes.