Objective To analyze the pathological damages of the lung and restoration of BALB/c mice infected by H7N9 virus, H5N1 virus or H1N1 virus. Methods SPF BALB/c mice were challenged with H7N9 virus, H5N1virus or H1N1 virus, respectively. The survival rate and clinical symptoms of mice were evaluated, while the pathological lesions of the lung were analyzed after H&E staining. Furthermore, the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the restoration after virus infection. Results The BALB/c mice were successfully infected by the three strains of influenza viruses. The survival rate was presented H7N9 >H1N1 >H5N1, but a opposite tendency was found in the pathological changes, and the highest expression level of PCNA after H7N9 infection was detected among the three strains of viruses. Conclusions Lighter lesion with an increased restoration is found in the lung of mice infected after the novel H7N9 virus. There is an excessive immunologic reaction and a high mortality in mice infected with the H5N1 virus.