Objective A mouse orthotopic transplanted tumor model of lung cancer was established to simulate the occurrence and development of lung cancer in clinical patients. Methods The LLC cell line expressing a luciferase reporter gene was established (LLC-luc). LLC-luc cells were injected into the left lung of mice to establish an orthotopic tumor model. CT and in vivo fluorescence imaging were used for tracer monitoring of the orthotopic tumor model. Lung tumors were collected on day 14 after cell injection. The characteristics of tissue immunology and the immune microenvironment were assessed by IHC. Results After LLC-luc cell injection, a tumor had formed in the left lung. The tumor has a metastatic potential and immune cell infiltration was detected. Conclusions We successfully established a mouse model of orthotopic lung cancer, which is simple to evaluate and mimics the development of lung cancer in clinical patients.